摘要：根據(jù)開口式霍爾電流傳感器的原理、特點及安裝方式，分析開口式霍爾電流傳感器在工廠改造配電系統(tǒng)中的應用，為用戶快速實現(xiàn)直流系統(tǒng)智能配電提供解決方案。

Abstract: According to the principle, characteristics and installation mode of the open-type Hall current sensor, the application of the open-type Hall current sensor in the transformation and distribution system of the factory is analyzed, so as to provide a solution for users to realize the intelligent distribution of DC system quickly.

關(guān)鍵詞：開口式霍爾電流傳感器;直流配電系統(tǒng);工作原理;應用

Key words: open type Hall current sensor;DC distribution system;working principle application

0概述Overview

    直流配電系統(tǒng)通常由高頻開關(guān)電源和蓄電池組成，用于為直流系統(tǒng)中控制、信號、繼電保護及自動裝置、事故照明等提供可靠的直流電源，對其供電的可靠性、穩(wěn)定性以及供電質(zhì)量均有著很高的要求。因此在該俄羅斯直流系統(tǒng)中，我們搭配的直流霍爾配電能表使用。直流系統(tǒng)改造時不停電，工程改造難度大，采用傳統(tǒng)的閉口霍爾電流傳感器或者分流器也無法解決，因此可采用開口式霍爾電流傳感器來解決改造項目中直流電流計量問題，確保改造過程不停電且安全運行。

DC distribution system is usually composed of high frequency switching power supply and battery, which is used to provide reliable DC power supply for control, signal, relay protection and automatic devices, accident lighting and so on in DC system. It has high requirements for the reliability, stability and quality of power supply. Therefore, in the Russian DC system, we matched the DC Hall distribution meter used. During the transformation of DC system, there is no power outage, and the engineering transformation is difficult, and the traditional closed Hall current sensor or shunt can not solve the problem. Therefore, the open Hall current sensor can be used to solve the DC current measurement problem in the transformation project, so as to ensure the safe operation of the transformation process without power outage.

1產(chǎn)品設計 Product Design   

1.1結(jié)構(gòu)特點Structural features     

開口式霍爾電流傳感器在傳統(tǒng)閉口霍爾電流傳感器的基礎上進行研發(fā)，結(jié)構(gòu)新穎，外形美觀大方。整體由外殼、鐵芯、采樣線路板及固定樹脂構(gòu)成，外殼材料采用PC/ABS合金，具有耐高溫、機械強度高、環(huán)保等特點；鐵芯采用有取向冷扎硅鋼片，具有性能穩(wěn)定，機械強度高，導磁率較高等特點；線路板與外部接線采用綠色可插拔端子，現(xiàn)場接線方便、可靠。具體結(jié)構(gòu)如圖1、2所示，產(chǎn)品外觀采用分體式設計，圖1為圓孔型，適合直流系統(tǒng)一次母線為電纜時穿過。，圖2方孔型，適合直流系統(tǒng)一次母線為銅排時穿過。根據(jù)一次電流的測量范圍及穿孔要求，可選擇相應的產(chǎn)品類型。該系列傳感器電流可測范圍為20A～20000A，主要外形有ф20、ф40、ф60、64*16、85*27、104*36、140*50等多種規(guī)格，如圖3所示，適用于不同應用場合。

Open-mouth Hall current sensor is developed on the basis of traditional closed-mouth Hall current sensor. It has novel structure and beautiful appearance. The whole is composed of shell, iron core, sampling circuit board and fixed resin. The shell material is made of PC/ABS alloy, which has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, high mechanical strength and environmental protection. The core is made of oriented cold bonded silicon steel sheet, which has the characteristics of stable performance, high mechanical strength and extremely high magnetic conductivity. Green pluggable terminal is used for circuit board and external wiring, which is convenient and reliable for on-site wiring. The specific structure is shown in Figure 1 and 2. The appearance of the product adopts split design. Figure 1 is a round pass, which is suitable for passing through the DC system when the primary bus is a cable. , Fig. 2 square pass, suitable for the DC system when the primary bus is copper bar. According to the measurement range of primary current and perforation requirements, the corresponding product type can be selected. This series of sensors can measure the current range of 20A ~ 20000A, the main shape of the phi 20, 40, 60, 64*16, 85*27, 104*36, 140*50 and other specifications, as shown in Figure 3, suitable for different applications.

Fig. 1 circular pass pattern

Fig. 2 Square pass pattern

Figure 3 AHKC series open type Hall current sensor

1.2工作原理Working principle

霍爾電流傳感器是根據(jù)霍爾效應、電磁感應原理設計的一種傳感器，按原理可分為開環(huán)方式（直放式）和閉環(huán)方式（磁平衡式），開口式霍爾電流傳感器是在傳統(tǒng)開環(huán)（直放式）霍爾傳感器的基礎上加以改進，與傳統(tǒng)單鐵芯、單霍爾芯片設計不同，為了設計為分體式結(jié)構(gòu)，將鐵芯分離對稱安裝，硬件采用雙霍爾芯片并聯(lián)互補差分輸入，開口式霍爾傳感器原理如圖4所示：

Hall current sensor based on hall effect, electromagnetic induction principle, design of a sensor, according to the principle can be divided into the open loop mode (straight) and closed loop mode (magnetic balance type), open hall current sensor is in a traditional open loop (straight) is improved on the basis of hall sensor, is different from traditional single core, single chip design hall, In order to design a split structure, the iron core is separated and installed symmetrically. The hardware adopts parallel complementary differential input of double Hall chips. The principle of open-type Hall sensor is shown in Figure 4:

 Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of open Hall sensor

    當原邊電流IP流過一根長導線時，在導線周圍將產(chǎn)生磁場，磁場的大小與流過導線的電流成正比，產(chǎn)生的磁場聚集在磁環(huán)內(nèi)，通過磁環(huán)氣隙中兩個霍爾元件進行測量，兩霍爾元件標志面相反置于同一磁場內(nèi)，輸出信號具有互補特征，輸出電壓通過差分放大輸出，不但可抑止共模干擾，也可溫度漂移的影響，輸出電壓VS準確的反映原邊電流IP。一般的額定輸出標定為DC±5V或DC4-20mA。

 When the primary side current IP flows through a long wire, will produce a magnetic field around the wire, the size of the magnetic field and is proportional to the current through the wire, the magnetic field gathered in the circular, through two hall element in the circular air gap measurement, two hall element marks instead placed in the same field, the output signal with complementary characteristics of output voltage by differential amplifier output, Not only can suppress the common mode interference, but also the influence of temperature drift, the output voltage VS accurately reflect the original side current IP. The general rated output is calibrated as DC±5V or DC4-20mA.

1.3產(chǎn)品安裝Product installation

以方孔產(chǎn)品為例，如圖5所示，將開口式霍爾電流傳感器的安裝螺絲打開，卸下傳感器的下體；將開口式霍爾電流傳感器的上體裝入配電系統(tǒng)的一次母排，合上傳感器的下體，將傳感器的安裝螺絲、墊片穿過上、下體的固定孔，將傳感器的上、下體固定在一起。如果現(xiàn)場可斷電安裝，可在銅牌上按傳感器間距要求開兩個對應螺紋孔，將傳感器通過后側(cè)的安裝固定孔固定在母排螺紋孔上，完成傳感器的安裝；如現(xiàn)場要求不斷電安裝，可采用配套橡膠墊塊內(nèi)嵌于外殼與銅牌之間固定，確保傳感器能在振動條件下也能可靠工作，整個安裝過程比較快速簡單。

Take square-hole products as an example, as shown in Figure 5, open the mounting screw of the open-type Hall current sensor, and remove the lower body of the sensor; The upper body of the open type Hall current sensor is loaded into the primary bus of the distribution system, and the lower body of the sensor is closed. The mounting screws and gaskets of the sensor pass through the fixing holes of the upper and lower bodies, and the upper and lower bodies of the sensor are fixed together. If on-site power off installation is possible, two corresponding threaded holes can be opened on the bronze plate according to the sensor spacing requirements, and the sensor is fixed on the threaded hole of the bus bar through the rear mounting fixing hole to complete the installation of the sensor; If the site requires continuous electric installation, the supporting rubber pad can be embedded between the shell and the bronze plate to ensure that the sensor can work reliably under vibration conditions. The whole installation process is relatively quick and simple. 

Fig. 5 Product installation diagram

1.4開口式霍爾傳感器優(yōu)點Advantages of open type Hall sensor

 與傳統(tǒng)直流電流計量一般采用分流器或互感器測量方法相比，開口式霍爾傳感器具有以下優(yōu)點：

1）原邊副邊絕緣強度高，可高達AC 12kV隔離；

2）無插入損耗；

3）動態(tài)性能好：響應時間小于20us跟蹤速度di/dt高于20A/us

4) 安裝時無需拆卸原邊電纜或母排，特別適用于不允許斷電設備的改造施工。

Compared with the traditional DC current measurement method generally adopted by shunt or transformer, the open-type Hall sensor has the following advantages:

1) High insulation strength of primary side and secondary side, up to AC 12KV isolation;

2) No insertion loss;

3) Good dynamic performance: the response time is less than 20uS and the tracking speed Di /dt is higher than 20A/ uS

4) There is no need to disassemble the original side cable or bus during installation. It is especially suitable for the transformation and construction of equipment that is not allowed to lose power.

2.產(chǎn)品應用Product application

 開口式霍爾電流傳感器主要應用在工廠改造直流配電系統(tǒng)中，如電廠直流電源系統(tǒng)改造、變電站直流系統(tǒng)改造改造、通訊機房改造、鐵路機車改造等項目，它能將系統(tǒng)中原邊直流電流信號轉(zhuǎn)換成為標準DC± 5V或4-20mA輸出，起到了監(jiān)測和電氣隔離作用，可與多回路監(jiān)控儀表或其他電氣測量儀表配套使用。

Open-end Hall current sensor is mainly used in the transformation of DC distribution system in factories, such as DC power system transformation in power plants, DC system transformation in substations, communication room transformation, railway locomotive transformation and other projects. It can convert the central edge DC current signal of the system into standard DC± 5V or 4-20mA output. It plays the role of monitoring and electrical isolation, and can be used with multi-loop monitoring instruments or other electrical measuring instruments.   

3.結(jié)論Conclusion

開口式霍爾電流傳感器因其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、安裝方便、運行可靠等良好的適用性，在直流系統(tǒng)應用中發(fā)揮很大的作用，特別是改造項目中得到了大量應用。

Open-end Hall current sensor plays an important role in the application of DC system because of its simple structure, convenient installation, reliable operation and other good applicability, especially in the renovation project.

參考文獻 Bibliography

1.Solutions For Enterprise Micro-grid System 2021.04